Executive Branch (president, governor or mayor) and the Legislative Branch (senator), the basic criterion is obtaining the majority of votes. However, this majority can be of two types: absolute or simple.
Absolute majority: achieved when a candidate receives more than half of the valid votes, excluding blank and void votes, plus one. For example, in an election with 10,000 valid votes, half would be 5,000. Therefore, to obtain an absolute majority, the candidate would need to receive 5,001 votes.
This requirement applies to races for positions such as the Presidency, state governments, the Federal District and city halls in cities with more than 200,000 voters. If no candidate reaches this mark, a second round is held with the top two candidates.
Simple majority: applicable in elections for mayoralties singapore mobile database with fewer than 200,000 voters and for the Senate, where the candidate with the most votes is elected. In the Senate, each state elects three representatives, but not simultaneously. In each election, one third of the seats are renewed, and the two candidates with the most votes in each state are elected.
Proportional elections
In the proportional system, used in elections for the Chamber of Deputies, legislative assemblies, the Legislative Chamber of the Federal District and municipal councils, the focus is not only on the nominal vote for candidates, but also on the vote allocated to parties or federations. This system aims to strengthen political parties as institutions.
Nominal and party vote: in the proportional system, voters can vote directly for a specific candidate or for the party (party vote). All votes, both nominal and party, are taken into account to determine the number of seats that the party or federation wins.
Open or closed list: in Brazil, the open list system is adopted, where voters directly choose who they want to vote for. In contrast, in the closed list system, adopted in some countries, such as Argentina and Colombia, voters vote only for the party, and the order in which vacancies are filled is determined by the party.