Alfred Nobel's will
“All my movable and immovable property must be converted by my attorneys into liquid assets, and the capital thus collected placed in a reliable bank. The income from investments must belong to a fund, which will distribute them annually in the form of bonuses to those who during the previous year have brought the greatest benefit to humanity. The indicated percentages must be divided into five equal parts, which are assigned: one part - to the one who makes the most important discovery or invention in the field of physics; another - to the one who makes the most important discovery or improvement in the field of chemistry; the colombia number data third - to the one who makes the most important discovery in the field of physiology or medicine; the fourth - to the one who creates the most outstanding literary work of an idealistic direction; the fifth - to the one who has made the greatest contribution to the unification of nations, the abolition of slavery or the reduction of the number of active armies and the promotion of peace congresses. "My particular wish is that the nationality of the candidates should not be taken into account when awarding prizes."
These prizes, established by his will, are the Nobel Prize in Physics, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the Nobel Prize in Literature, and the Nobel Peace Prize. The first awards were given on 10 December 1901, the fifth anniversary of Nobel's death.
Alfred Nobel, despite creating dynamite and owning the largest weapons factory, was deeply concerned not only with how future generations would remember him. His decision to create such a prize ultimately allowed scientists from different parts of the world to unite and thereby advance science (and with it our civilization) forward, and by leaps and bounds. But Nobel's numerous relatives recognized themselves as deprived and demanded that the will be declared invalid.