A Merkle root (a cryptographic hash of all transactions in the block).
The hash of the previous block, linking it to the chain.
A "nonce" (a variable number that miners adjust).
Proof of Work (Mining Puzzle): The miner then repeatedly hashes the block data (including the nonce) until they find a hash that meets the network's current difficulty target (e.g., a hash starting with a certain number of leading zeros). This process is computationally intensive and is known as Proof of Work.
Block Discovery: Once a miner successfully sri lanka phone number list finds a valid hash for a block, they have "mined" a new block.
Block Broadcasting: The winning miner immediately broadcasts this newly mined block to their connected peers.
Block Validation: When other nodes receive this new block, they perform extensive validation checks:
Did the block meet the Proof of Work difficulty target?
Is the block's format valid?
Does it correctly reference the hash of the previous block?
Are all the transactions within the block valid (e.g., properly signed, not double-spends, valid UTXO inputs, not exceeding output limits)?
Are all transactions part of the node's current mempool or are they new valid transactions?
Adding to the Blockchain: If a node successfully validates the new block, it adds it to its local copy of the blockchain, extending the chain. The transactions within that block are now considered confirmed.